Integrative analysis of haplotype-resolved epigenomes across human tissues

Danny Leung, Inkyung Jung, Nisha Rajagopal, Anthony Schmitt, Siddarth Selvaraj, Ah Young Lee, Chia-An Yen, Shin Lin, Yiing Lin, Yunjiang Qiu, Wei Xie, Feng Yue, Manoj Hariharan, Pradipta Ray, Samantha Kuan, Lee Edsall, Hongbo Yang, Neil C Chi, Michael Q Zhang, Joseph R Ecker, Bing Ren.
Nature. 2015-02-19;518(7539):350-354.
Abstract
Allelic differences between the two homologous chromosomes can affect the propensity of inheritance in humans; however, the extent of such differences in the human genome has yet to be fully explored. Here we delineate allelic chromatin modifications and transcriptomes among a broad set of human tissues, enabled by a chromosome-spanning haplotype reconstruction strategy. The resulting large collection of haplotype-resolved epigenomic maps reveals extensive allelic biases in both chromatin state and transcription, which show considerable variation across tissues and between individuals, and allow us to investigate cis-regulatory relationships between genes and their control sequences. Analyses of histone modification maps also uncover intriguing characteristics of cis-regulatory elements and tissue-restricted activities of repetitive elements. The rich data sets described here will enhance our understanding of the mechanisms by which cis-regulatory elements control gene expression programs.
Consortium data used in this publication
ChIP-seq and RNA-seq data sets were deposited at the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) under accession number GSE16256. Hi-C data sets were deposited at GEO under accession number GSE58752.